Long before Donald Trump was sworn in as the 47th president, the global impact of his second term was already being felt.

• From Jerusalem to Kyiv to London to Ottawa, his election victory and the anticipation of a new Trump agenda changed the plans of world leaders, with some far-reaching consequences.
• In the lead-up to the handover of power in Washington, our reporters analyzed these changes in the regions where they were.

Middle East – ceasefire deal in Gaza (Donald Trump)

By Jeremy Bowen, international editor

• Donald Trump has made an impact on the Middle East even before he starts his second term as president.
• He bypassed the delays that Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his nationalist partners had used to avoid agreeing to the ceasefire deal that Trump’s predecessor, Joe Biden, had proposed last May.
• Trump’s pressure on Hamas and other Palestinian groups is expected. Under Biden, pressure on Israel was never applied. Trump starts his second term taking credit for pushing the ceasefire deal in Gaza. He can claim some success here.

UK – a secret ‘mini cabinet’

By Laura Kuenssberg, presenter, Sunday with Laura Kuenssberg

• Trump and his team are different this time, more prepared with a possibly more aggressive agenda, but his habit of keeping the world guessing remains unchanged. It’s this uncertainty that surprises the British government in Whitehall and Westminster.
• How can the UK prepare for something it doesn’t yet understand?
• A small group of senior ministers has been trying.
• They’ve held secret “mini-cabinet” meetings, with Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, Chancellor Rachel Reeves, Foreign Secretary David Lammy, and Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds, trying to plan for what might come.
• One source says there hasn’t been too much preparation for specific scenarios because “you’d drive yourself crazy” trying to guess Trump’s next moves. But another source says several papers have been prepared for the wider Cabinet.

The focus has been on “looking for opportunities” rather than worrying about whether Trump might follow through on some of his more unusual ideas, like annexing Canada.

Ukraine – pressure for a deal

By Orla Guerin, senior international correspondent

Trump’s return to the White House means new challenges for Ukraine. The new US president wants a peace deal, not a huge military bill.

This is clear. How he plans to achieve this is not.

• Trump’s earlier claim that he could end the war in a day has now been softened by his new Russia-Ukraine representative, Keith Kellogg. Lieutenant-General Kellogg (retired) has said he hopes for “a solution” within 100 days.
• If Trump can push both sides into talks, Ukraine may not be in a strong position. Russia currently controls one-fifth of Ukraine’s territory, including Crimea, which was taken in 2014.
• Many here fear Trump will push for a settlement in Russia’s favor.
• President Zelensky has suggested he might be ready for some compromises. After three years of Russia’s invasion, he has little choice.

But President Putin, who is gradually winning on the battlefield, might not want to stop now.

Canada – threat of tariffs adds to turmoil

By Jessica Murphy, Canada digital editor

• The political instability in Ottawa comes as Canada faces several challenges, especially the promise by Trump to impose 25% tariffs on Canadian goods.
• Until recently, Justin Trudeau seemed determined to stay on as prime minister, hoping to face Pierre Poilievre – his political rival – in the polls.
• However, the shock resignation of his key deputy, former Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland, in December, over Trudeau’s failure to take Trump’s threats seriously, was the final straw.
• Members of Trudeau’s own party made it clear they no longer supported his leadership.
• And with that, Trudeau announced his resignation as Prime Minister earlier this month.

China – investors eye trade war

By Suranjana Tewari, business reporter, Singapore

• China’s economy rebounded in the last three months of last year, allowing the government to meet its growth target of 5% in 2024, as announced on Friday.
• But it is one of the slowest growth rates in decades, as the world’s second-largest economy struggles with a prolonged property crisis, high local government debt, and youth unemployment.
• The head of China’s statistics bureau said the country’s economic growth in 2024 was “hard-won,” after the government introduced several stimulus measures last year.
• The World Bank had predicted this rate of growth. They said lower borrowing costs and rising exports would allow China to achieve annual growth of 4.9%.

But investors are worried: the possibility of President-elect Donald Trump’s tariffs on $500bn (£409bn) worth of Chinese goods remains a big concern.

This is just one of the obstacles that may stop China from reaching its growth targets next year.